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Yucca - Юкка

Семейство: агавовых
Описание растения:

Юкка - это древовидное многолетнее растение семейства агавовых, родом из влажных субтропиков Северной Америки. Род объединяет около 40 видов. Вечнозеленые, деревянистые растения с невысоким, маловетвистым или совсем не ветвящимся стеблем, иногда стебель почти отсутствует и над землей возвышается лишь пучок крупных, мечевидных листьев. Листья расположены спирально. Соцветия очень крупные, до 200 см длиной, прямостоячие, широкораскидистые метелки, выходящие из середины листовой розетки. Цветки колокольчатые, до 7 см длиной, поникающие, белые. Плод - крупная, до 10 см, сухая или мясистая коробочка с округлыми, черными семенами до 1 см в диаметре.

Уход за растением:

Температура: Умеренная, зимой прохладная - предпочтительно 16-18°C, но не ниже 8°C. Зимой при содержании юкки в обычных комнатных условиях нужно проветривать помещение, но избегать при этом холодных сквозняков.
Освещение: Светлое, солнечное место. Летом юкка предпочитает размещение на свежем воздухе - на балконе, в саду и т.п. Зимой придется переставить юкку как можно ближе к окну, так как зимой эти растения особенно страдают от недостатка света - при этом веер листьев не будет пышным и густым.
Полив: Обильный с весны до осени, но при этом на поддоне не должна оставаться вода, зимой полив умеренный. Если зимой содержать в прохладных условиях, то полив редкий, но не допускающий пересушку земляного кома. Юкка плохо переносит застой воды в почве - это может привести к загниванию корней и образованию стеблевой гнили.
Влажность воздуха: Не требует опрыскивания листьев, но иногда надо устраивать обмывание, чтобы растение не запылилось и не теряло привлекательность. Летом на открытом воздухе достаточно дождевых омываний. Если зимой юкка содержится в комнате с центральным отоплением, то опрыскивание желательно проводить хотя бы раз в день.
Пересадка: Почва должна быть питательной. Для молодых растений - 2 части дерновой земли, 2 части листовой земли, 1 часть перегнойной и 2 части песка. Для взрослых и старых растений - 3 части дерновой земли, 2 части листовой, 2 части песка. Пересадку юкки проводят каждые два года весной. Юкку сажают в большой горшок или кадку. Хороший дренаж обязателен. С апреля по август каждые две недели проводят подкормку удобрениями, которые значительно ускоряют рост.
Размножение юкки: Весной укоренением верхушки стебля, а также кусками ствола (длиной не менее 10см). Возможно размножение семенами и отпрысками. При размножении юкки отпрысками - с основного ствола острым ножом отрезается дочерняя розетка, а место среза на стволе присыпается серой. Отрезанную розетку укореняют во влажном песке, а после укоренения сажают в горшок с землей, в которую добавляют кусочки древесного (например, березового) угля. Срезать дочерние розетки для размножения желательно весной или летом, так как в другое время года они не укореняться или будут укоренятся очень долго, кроме того это может повредить материнскому растению. При размножении юкки семенами, важно чтобы они были свежими. Семена замачивают на сутки в теплой воде, затем высевают в смесь легкой листовой земли и торфа. Плошку накрывают стеклом или пакетом и проветривают несколько раз в день. Обычно семена прорастают в течение месяца.

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Цветы и растения CATALOGUE OF PLANTS Комнатные растения Yucca - Юкка
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