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Aloe - Алоэ

Семейство: асфоделовые
Описание растения:

Aloe - Алоэ (в Беларуси чаще альвас, в России чаще столетник) (лат. Aloë) - род суккулентных растений семейства Асфоделовые, содержащий около 400 видов. Название рода происходит из арабского языка, в переводе с которого оно означает «горький». Род Алоэ объединяет многолетние листовые травянистые, кустарниковые или древовидные суккуленты с толстыми мясистыми мечевидными листьями, собранными в густые розетки и расположенными в них по спирали. Края листьев алоэ могут быть гладкими или зубчатыми, усаженными по краю острыми шипами или мягкими ресничками. Мякоть листа алоэ разделена на характерные ячейки, сохраняющие запасы влаги во время засухи. Цветки небольшие, трубчатые, белые, красные, жёлтые или оранжевые, расположенные на длинном цветоносе в верхушечной многоцветковой кисти. Вот самые известные виды Aloe:

Aloe arborescens — Алоэ древовидное, кустарник до 3 метров высотой. Применяется в здравоохранении. Чаще всего именно этот вид называют столетником.
Aloe aristata — Алоэ остистое
Aloe dichotoma — Алоэ дихотомическое, или Дрожащее дерево, или Кокербум
Aloe helenae — Алоэ Елены
Aloe ngobitensis
Aloe plicatilis — Алоэ складчатое, кустарник или небольшое дерево высотой до 3—5 м с коротким, ветвящимся стволом.
Aloe variegata — Алоэ тигровое, или Алоэ пёстрое
Aloe vera — Алоэ настоящее, широко используется в медицине.
Aloe wildii
Aloe suzannae Decary — Алоэ Сюзанны

Уход за растением:

Температура для алоэ: Зимой содержат в светлом и прохладном помещении (12-13°С). Летом лучше всего содержать на открытом воздухе. В теплых и при этом темных комнатах алоэ быстро растут, вытягиваются, становятся бледными.
Освещение для алоэ: Летом любит солнечное место, но к солнцу надо приучать постепенно, притеняя в особенно жаркие дни.
Полив алоэ: Умеренно, особенно зимой. Опрыскивание проводят осторожно самым мелким распылением, так как вода, попадая в пазухи листьев, может вызвать загнивание.
Удобрение алоэ: С мая по август алоэ подкармливают через каждые две недели комплексным минеральным удобрением для кактусов и других суккулентов.
Пересадка алоэ: Почва для алоэ - 2 части глинисто дерновой, 1 часть листовой, 1 часть перегноя и 1 часть крупнозернистого песка. Пересадку проводят весной. Молодые растения пересаживают ежегодно, старые раз в 2-3 года.
Размножение алоэ: Семенами, черенками, прикорневыми отводками и отдельными цельными листьями. Черенкование удается почти круглый год, но лучше весной и летом. Срезанные черенки обязательно подсушивают: летом дней 5, зимой неделю и более.

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Цветы и растения CATALOGUE OF PLANTS Комнатные растения Aloe - Алоэ
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